乙酸浓度对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞甘油三酯含量及瘦素和过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体γ基因表达量的影响

本试验旨在研究乙酸浓度对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞甘油三酯(TAG)含量及瘦素(leptin)和过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)基因表达量的影响。将传至第3代的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞以适宜的密度培养48 h后,随机分为6个处理,各处理分别采用乙酸浓度为0(对照组)、4、6、8、10和12 mmol/L的培养液。置于37℃5%CO2培养箱继续培养48 h。收集细胞,观测脂滴形成状况,测定TAG含量及leptin和PPARγ基因表达量。结果表明:随乙酸浓度的增加,培养的奶牛脂肪前体细胞脂滴形成增多;随乙酸浓度的增加,TAG含量和PPARγ基因表达量均呈显著的线性或二次曲线增加(P<0.05),且以乙酸浓度为10和12 mmol/L时效果较好;一定浓度的乙酸可上调leptin基因表达量,尤以浓度为8、10 mmol/L时上调作用较好。结果提示,乙酸对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞内脂滴的形成、TAG的积累、leptin和PPARγ基因的表达有显著的促进作用。本试验条件下,乙酸浓度为10～12 mmol/L时能较好地促进PPARγ基因的表达,浓度为8～10 mmol/L时能较好地促进leptin基因的表达。     

Expression Patterns of the Serine Protease Gene AlSP 3 in Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae) at Different Temperatures

As an important digestive enzyme gene, the serine protease gene AlSP 3 plays a key role in Apolygus lucorum for digesting conventional cotton. To understand the effect of different temperatures on the expression level of AlSP 3, we analyzed the expression patterns of AlSP 3 in A. lucorum reared at different temperatures using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that at the normal temperature of 24 ℃, the expression of AlSP 3 in A .lucorum at different nymphal stages was similar. The expressions of AlSP 3 in the female adult at the pre-mating stage and the male adult at post-mating stage were 19.71- and 7.16-fold higher than their control at the 1^st nymphal stage, respectively, which were significantly higher than at any other stages. However, expression in the 4^th to 5^th A. lucorum at the nymphal stage increased with rising temperature in the range of 21～30 ℃. At 30 ℃, the expression of AlSP 3 in the 2nd to 5^th A. lucorum was the highest. The expression levels of AlSP 3 in adult A. lucorum reared at different temperatures during the new emergence and pre-mating stages were significantly higher than that of the control reared at 24 ℃ (P < 0.01), while the expression during the post-mating stage at 18℃ was higher than that at other temperatures. When incubated at extreme temperatures (4 ℃ and 40 ℃), the expression of AlSP 3 in female and male adult A. lucorum was significantly higher than that at 24 ℃ (P < 0.01). Taken together, our results showed that the external environment temperature and the internal stage of A. lucorum or its sex all had significant effects on the expression of AlSP 3 in A. lucorum (P < 0.01), and that there was some interactions between them. Therefore, AlSP 3 is very important for the female adult A. lucorum to obtain nutrition at the early stages and temperature is an important limiting factor for the expression of AlSP 3.     

不同浓度营养液下温室黄瓜生长发育中K分配规律的研究

以黄瓜品种‘青瓜王子’杂交一代为试材,在Venlo型玻璃温室中,以袋装珍珠岩为载体,以霍格兰(Hoagland)营养液进行施肥,设置T1(1∶200)、T2(1∶100)、T3(1∶50)、T4(1∶30)4个处理,对黄瓜整个生育期进行破坏性试验,测定黄瓜各器官钾的含量,以研究不同浓度营养液下温室黄瓜各器官对钾吸收的规律。结果表明:随着营养液浓度的提高,温室黄瓜各器官对钾的吸收量逐渐增多,但当营养液浓度超过T3时对温室黄瓜产量不利,T3处理对温室黄瓜的产量最有利,达6 984.499g/株。     

内蒙古鄂尔多斯市澳美型细毛羊冷冻胚胎移植技术应用效果

通过冷冻胚胎移植技术,2007年和2008年前后分2批在鄂尔多斯细毛羊种羊场实施纯种澳美型细毛羊冷冻胚胎移植,共有371只（2007年266只,2008年105只）受体羊做了冷冻胚胎移植,共生产澳美型细毛羊羔羊106只（2007年70只,2008年36只）。其中公羔60只,母羔46只;受胎率分别为26.32%和37.14%;羔羊初生重为公羔（4.73±0.41）kg/只、母羔（4.54±0.43）kg/只和公羔（4.60±0.68）kg/只、母羔（4.45±0.55）kg/只。经过调查鉴定,用冷冻胚移植技术获得羔羊106只,经培养共获得纯种澳美型细毛羊106只,补充了优质澳美型细毛羊种羊的数量,大大增加了纯种澳美型细毛羊的种源数量、节省了引种费用、缩短了鄂尔多斯细毛羊改良世代间隔和选育提高周期,起到了加速优良种畜繁殖速度、迅速扩大种源的科技效应。     

氮对低氧胁迫下樱桃根系抗氧化酶活性及线粒体功能的影响

 以‘吉塞拉5号’樱桃组培苗为试材, 研究短期低氧胁迫下氮对樱桃幼苗根系抗氧化酶活性 及线粒体功能的影响。通过溶氧调节仪人为控制营养液溶氧浓度为2 mg·L ^{- 1} , NO₃^- 浓度共设4个水平:0、7.5、15.0、22.5 mmol·L ^{- 1} , 以1 /2 Hoagland营养液正常低氧处理(NO₃^- 浓度7.5 mmol·L ^{- 1} ) 为对照。结果表明: 各处理SOD、POD、CAT酶活性均呈现先升高后降低的趋势。与对照相比, 营养液加氮处理的SOD、POD、CAT酶活性升高, 膜质过氧化程度减轻, 且氮浓度越大酶活性升高幅度越大, 而营养液缺氮处理的酶活性降低, 膜质过氧化程度加重; 营养液缺氮处理樱桃根系线粒体中的H₂O₂和MDA含量、O₂^-·生成速率升高, 而营养液加氮处理可降低O₂^-·的产生及MDA含量, 提高线粒体的氧化磷酸化水平, 保护樱桃根系线粒体膜的完整性, 对线粒体呼吸功能的破坏明显减轻, 且NO₃^- 离子浓度高时效果更好, 说明适当提高营养液中的氮素水平可以缓解低氧胁迫对樱桃根系的伤害。     

农田土壤氮素径流损失的影响因素及其防治措施研究

根据当前国内外在农田土壤氮素运移转化机理方面已取得的研究成果,简要回顾了农田土壤氮素损失产生的环境污染危害,分析了影响土壤氮素径流损失的主要因素。在此基础上,提出了优化水肥管理、合理施用氮肥、发展生态农业、调整种植结构、推广缓控释肥料等防治举措。     

连栋大棚苦瓜立体套种试验

通过研究在连栋大棚中立体套种苦瓜、大白菜、芹菜对土地利用率及产量和效益的影响。试验结果表明,套种栽培模式土地利用率可达175%;常规苦瓜栽培模式1hm2种植13500株,产量为46200kg;套种模式1hm2栽苦瓜6750株,产量达78450kg,比常规栽培增产69.81%,1hm2净收入132960.0元,比常规栽培增收346%,效益明显高于常规种植。     

家蚕微孢子虫感染家蚕对其中肠和血液蛋白酶活性影响

本试验测定了不同浓度剂量微孢子虫感染家蚕后,家蚕中肠和血液中蛋白酶的变化.并对不同浓度剂量家蚕微孢子虫感染家蚕后对家蚕发育的影响和不同组织中所含微孢子虫孢子的浓度等作了初步的研究.从本实验中可以看出,感染不同浓度微孢子虫的家蚕,体内相同组织的微孢子虫数量存在显著差异.而感染相同浓度微孢子虫的蚕,不同组织中微孢子虫的数量也有差异,中肠的微孢子虫数量远高于其他部位.感染微孢子虫后,家蚕血液中的蛋白酶活性显著升高,中肠的蛋白酶的活性变化不显著,而感染微孢子虫的数量对血液和中肠中的蛋白酶的活性无显著影响.     

Morphological disparities in the epidermal and anatomical features of the leaf among wild Brassica juncea populations

In the present article, we investigated the epidermal and anatomical features of 10 wild Brassica juncea populations with different susceptibilities to glyphosate in detail. The characteristics of the leaf surface and anatomy could affect the efficacy of glyphosate uptake in weeds through the influence of its adherence and penetration. Our results showed that herbicide-resistant wild populations generally had greater leaf thickness, adaxial cutin thickness, and trichome density in the upper epidermis, but lower spongy tissue thickness and vascular bundle numbers, as compared with the susceptible populations, suggesting that differences in morphological traits among populations might contribute to their variable response to glyphosate. The possible morphological involvement in the differential susceptibility of wild B. juncea populations to glyphosate also was discussed.     

4种海水鱼淋巴囊肿组织的病理特征比较

取山东、河北、浙江等地感染淋巴囊肿病的牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)、许氏平鮋(Sebastes schlegeli)、鲈鱼(Lateo-labrax japonicus)及纹腹叉鼻(Arothron hispidus),利用光镜和电镜技术及组织化学方法,对患病鱼淋巴囊肿组织的病理特征进行观察比较。结果发现,来自不同地区同一种鱼的淋巴囊肿组织的病理特征无明显差异,不同种鱼的淋巴囊肿细胞具有共同的特征:细胞膨大,细胞核不规则,细胞质内有嗜碱性的、呈Feulgen和Mann氏反应阳性的包涵体,囊肿细胞的细胞膜外有呈PAS反应阳性的均质囊壁,细胞质内病毒颗粒的大小200～220 nm,核周池内有高电子密度物质等。不同种鱼囊肿组织细胞的大小、细胞核的不规则程度、细胞质内包涵体的形态、细胞质内病毒粒子的分布状态,以及囊肿物的外观等有差异。虽然不同种鱼之间存在差异,囊肿组织共同的病理学特征仍可作为疾病诊断的可靠依据。